Long Shot Read online

  The Inside Story of the Snipers

  Who Broke ISIS

  LONG

  SHOT

  AZAD CUDI

  Copyright © 2019 by Azad Cudi

  Cover design by Daniel Rembert

  Cover photograph © BULENT KILIC/AFP/Getty Images

  All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Scanning, uploading, and electronic distribution of this book or the facilitation of such without the permission of the publisher is prohibited. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated. Any member of educational institutions wishing to photocopy part or all of the work for classroom use, or anthology, should send inquiries to Grove Atlantic, 154 West 14th Street, New York, NY 10011 or [email protected].

  Simultaneously published in Great Britain by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

  Published simultaneously in Canada

  Printed in the United States of America

  First Grove Atlantic hardcover edition: February 2019

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available for this title.

  ISBN 978-0-8021-2907-9

  eISBN 978-0-8021-4689-2

  Atlantic Monthly Press

  an imprint of Grove Atlantic

  154 West 14th Street

  New York, NY 10011

  Distributed by Publishers Group West

  groveatlantic.com

  19 20 21 22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

  For all freedom’s martyrs who came before us, and for the thousands who fell in Kobani

  Contents

  Cover

  Title Page

  Copyright

  Dedication

  Author’s Note

  Maps

  1 Outside Sarrin, southern Rojava, April 2015

  2 Kobani, December 2013 to April 2015

  3 Kobani, September–October 2014

  4 Britain and Sweden, 2004–2013; Rojava, September–December 2013

  5 Qamishli, December 2013 to June 2014

  6 Kobani, October 2014

  7 Sardasht, 1983–1997

  8 Kobani, October 2014

  9 Kobani, October 2014

  10 Mahabad, 2002

  11 Kobani, November 2014

  12 Kobani, November 2014

  13 Iran to Europe, 2003–2004

  14 Kobani, November–December 2014

  15 Kobani, December 2014

  16 Leeds, 2004–2011

  17 Kobani, December 2014 to January 2015

  18 Outside Kobani, January–February 2015

  19 Southwest of Kobani, March 2015

  20 Close to the Euphrates, March–April 2015

  21 Kobani, April–May 2015

  22 Kobani, May–June 2015

  23 Kobani, July 2015 to April 2016

  24 Silemani, Frankfurt, Brussels and Leeds, 2016–2018

  Photo Section

  Acknowledgements

  Back Cover

  Author’s Note

  My account of the 2013–2016 war against ISIS and, in particular, the five months of resistance in Kobani from late 2014 to early 2015 is based on my personal experience. I made extensive notes during the year I spent in Kobani immediately after my part in the fighting was over. Since then, I have consulted my comrades for their recollections, made free use of what records were kept by the YPG and YPJ, sought out official records from the US Department of Defense, interviewed historians, activists and journalists, and cross-referenced everything with media reports from the time. Any errors that remain are my own.

  I am aware, of course, that while the essential facts of when and where ISIS’ advance across the Middle East was halted and reversed are well known, the story of how it happened on the ground is one hitherto untold. That is largely because so many of those who took part in those events did not survive them. It is my fallen comrades, above all, who have been my guide in these pages.

  Leeds

  February 2019

  ONE

  Outside Sarrin, southern Rojava,

  April 2015

  I have had many names – Sora as a boy in Kurdistan, Darren in my British passport – but as a sniper I went by Azad, which means ‘free’ or ‘freedom’ in Kurdish. During the war, my name would remind me of a Kurdish saying: that the tree of freedom is watered with blood. It’s a proverb about righteous sacrifice, about how liberty is never easily given but requires long and painful struggle. And perhaps one day enough of our women and men will have fought and died that we will live in a world of peace, equality and dignity, drinking water from the mountain spring and eating mulberries from the trees. But Kobani was not that world. In Kobani, we lost thousands and we killed thousands – and it was like that, feeding the earth of our homeland, drop by drop, that we nursed and raised our freedom.

  I had been fighting for sixteen months in Kurdish territory in northern Syria by the day in April 2015 when I was asked to leave my position on the eastern front, close to the Turkish border, and join an advance on our southwestern one. We had recaptured Kobani in January. In the battles since, we had pushed the jihadis back far enough in every direction that crossing our territory was no longer a short dash through the streets but a five-hour drive across open country. As we set off, to the north across the Turkish border, I could make out the snowy peaks where they say Noah beached his ark. Below them, rolling towards us, were the wide, grassy valleys and pine forests of Mesopotamia, the land between the Euphrates and the Tigris where our people have lived for fifteen thousand years. As we drove further south, the slopes eased into prairie farms and bare-earth hills that rose and fell like the swell on a big sea. When the sun began to dip, I watched the late afternoon light play on the last of the apricot blossom and the red and yellow poppies by the side of the road.

  Soon it was dark. The old farmer’s pickup in which I was travelling was in a terrible condition – no suspension nor lights nor much tread on its tyres – and the roads were rutted and slippery. I am not sure we managed more than twenty miles an hour the entire journey. At one point, we came across a group of our women comrades sitting around a fire and stopped for a glass of black tea. Finally, at 11 p.m., long after I was numb with bruises, we arrived at a small settlement of fifty mud-walled houses, some of them bearing the familiar signs of invasion: bullet holes, RPG splashes and the jihadis’ black graffiti. There I was asked to a briefing with the commanding officer, General Medya.

  Medya was in her thirties and a veteran of more than a decade of fighting. She went into battle with her long black hair tied back in a ponytail and a green headscarf tugged down above her one working blue eye. One thing that outsiders always find surprising about the Kurdish resistance movement is our insistence that women and men are equal in all things, including war. In our People’s Protection Units, a volunteer has to be eighteen to pick up a gun but otherwise all that matters to us is whether you are sharp and useful, not where you are from and certainly not the accident of your gender. Men and women fight alongside each other in separate entities: the YPJ, or Yekîneyên Parastina Jin (pronounced yek-een-ayen para-steena jin), for women; and the YPG, or Yekîneyên Parastina Gel (pronounced yek-een-ayen para-steena ghel), for men. And the women fight, kill and die as hard as the men, as ISIS can attest. We often talked about how confused the Islamists must have been to find a woman standing over them in their last moments. If they left this earth in doubt, then it made us doubly sure that we were the perfect army to defeat them.


  Medya began by saying that the day of our liberation was at hand. The moment we took back the last yard of our homeland would be the one in which we saved our people. It would also be the day that civilisation and progress triumphed over the medieval backwardness of the jihadis. Though they would never admit it, we would be achieving what the great nations of Europe and the Americas could not. We would even be saving our oppressors in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. And with our victory, we would finally bring due attention and support to our cause of an autonomous Kurdistan.

  For that great day to arrive, said Medya, these last advances had to succeed. Our next immediate objective was a fortified ISIS base on a hill outside the northern Syrian city of Sarrin. Taking it would be best done at night, and that would require a sniper with a thermal scope to lead the attack. ‘The hill you are to capture is about two kilometres in this direction,’ Medya told me, pointing to the south. ‘To take it, you must first climb another one next to it from where you can fire across at them. There might be fifty of them. We think there are only a handful. Arrive, assess the situation and proceed.’

  Medya led me over to meet the small team I would be taking. Leaning up against a wall holding his Kalashnikov was Xabat, perhaps twenty-one, who spoke clearly and with great enthusiasm and who had scouted the hills we were to attack earlier that day. There was a second man with a Kalashnikov, dark and skinny, who said nothing. There was a short, strong woman with a round face called Havin, who carried an RPG launcher. She had a loader, a nineteen-year-old man who carried her spare rockets and radio. Completing the squad was an older guy, Shiro, maybe twenty-eight or twenty-nine, skinny, tall, unshaven, with thinning long hair, who carried the BKC, a 7.62-calibre machine gun.

  It felt like a good team. When I walked towards them, they turned to me. When I regarded them, they looked back at me with clear and steady eyes. We introduced ourselves and shook hands. I checked my kit – one spare night-scope battery, two grenades in my vest, five M16 mags filled with thirty cartridges each – and we set off.

  For a daytime assault, a sniper picks a high place like a building or a hill and covers the advancing soldiers from behind. At night, however, a sniper with night vision leads the attack because only he can see the target. That night, the moon was just a thin crescent. Everyone in the team would be blind except me.

  To advance to the first hill, we followed an established procedure. I walked ahead two or three hundred metres, checked it was clear and, after finding cover, said ‘Now!’ into the radio, which was the signal for the others to join me. We repeated this manoeuvre seven or eight times and were around five hundred metres from the first hill when we came under fire. I could hear the sharp, hollow sound of gunshots in the distance, then fzzz fzzz, like the sound of a honeybee, as the bullets passed overhead. Though the incoming fire forced us to drop to a crawl, in other ways it was useful. We had been quiet on our approach, which meant ISIS had to have night vision to have been alerted to our advance. If their bullets were passing over our heads, however, that suggested that the jihadis didn’t have night scopes on their weapons, only a pair of binoculars. The sound of the fire also indicated only a handful of men, ten at the most, which meant we were evenly matched.

  At 1.30 a.m., still under fire, we reached the top of the first hill. I could see there was a cairn at the summit where the farmers had stacked the stones they cleared from their fields. I stopped about fifty or sixty metres before the rock pile and called Xabat to join me. ‘It’s probably booby-trapped,’ he said as he crawled up to me. As Xabat spoke, there was another burst from the ISIS positions and more fzzz sounds over our heads. We were getting closer.

  Leaving the team behind a boulder, I stood up quite openly and, in full view of the ISIS fighters, walked briskly towards the cairn. When I reached it, I stopped for a moment to make sure they had seen me. Then I dropped down as though I was taking cover and crawled back the way I had come. Back behind a rock, I waited. If ISIS had mined the cairn, they would wait for all six of us to assemble next to it before they detonated it. In the end, the jihadis waited seven full minutes.

  An explosion up close initially feels like your inner ears are being peeled. A split second later, you suffer a mini blackout as the blast wave hits your brain. You must keep your mouth open to allow the pressure to travel through you. If the detonation is truly close, you will probably reboot to discover that you are rag-dolling through the air, your nose, eyes and mouth filled with dust. If you are further away, it will be the earth that you feel bouncing. Next comes a shower of pebbles. Through all of it, there is nothing to be done but close your eyes and trust your luck. If you are going to die, it will be quick, as you are caught by the blast or hit by debris or smashed up against a wall or a rock. If you find yourself conscious and hugging the ground, unless something heavy lands on you, you’re going to live. I remember the earth flexing, rocks shooting past our heads and pebbles raining down on us. We jammed our eyes and mouths into our elbows.

  As the air cleared, my radio shrieked. ‘Are you OK? Are you OK?’

  It was General Medya.

  ‘Fine,’ I replied. ‘Remote-control mine. They didn’t get us.’

  Through the dust, I could see Xabat grinning. ‘I told you it was a booby-trap,’ he said.

  ‘Now,’ I said into the radio. The team came up behind me and, as one, all six of us moved forward to what was left of the cairn.

  At our new position, I told the others to place a few stones in front of them for cover. I took three rocks, arranged them under my rifle and pulled my scarf tightly around my head to hide the light from the night scope. Once I was satisfied I was concealed, I turned it on.

  I saw them immediately. Through the thermal, I could make out a rock-walled base on a slope near the top of the hill opposite us, about five hundred and fifty metres away. As I scanned the area, I could see a skinny figure standing a few metres below the base, his heat image shining like a moon in the night. Three more men – one tall, one medium in height and a stocky man dressed in a long flowing shirt – were grouped together a few feet away. The skinny man was talking. The other three were listening. All four were out in the open.

  The skinny one is the commander, I thought. He is giving instructions. He is in charge.

  Five hundred and fifty metres is close range for a sniper. There was no need to adjust for wind. With a bullet travelling at seven hundred and sixty-two metres per second, the round would hit Skinny three quarters of a second after it left my barrel. The trigger on an M16 is also very quick. You just tense and it fires. I went for Skinny’s head.

  The stock punched my shoulder. Through my scope, I saw Skinny’s head jerk away from me and his legs fall open. Then, as though he were a burst balloon, he deflated, slumping limply against a rock, his head on his chest.

  I turned to the three other jihadis. Tall was trying to take cover behind some stones to the right. Medium Size and Long Shirt were running back up the hill towards the base. Medium Size stopped for a second. I aimed for his chest and tensed. Another kick. Medium Size was down.

  Long Shirt was still running away up the hill. I followed him in my sights. When he stopped to pick up a large machine gun, I aimed for his body. Punch. Punch. The sound of my shots echoed off the rocks as Long Shirt went down.

  I looked for Tall. He was over to the right, jumping from one boulder to another. He fired back at me but his aim was wild – just spray and pray. Behind the rocks, I could see part of his head and chest and one of his legs. I went for the leg. Punch. Tall fell to the ground, then started dragging himself to cover.

  Now I could see a fifth man, short and fat, inside the base. Every now and then Fat Man would peek out over the wall, his round head appearing for a second, then he would disappear. I shot at him twice but he kept vanishing. He would show himself, fire a burst, disappear, then reappear at another place and fire once more.

  I moved back to Tall. He was crawling in the dirt. He might have been trying to flank us. I told
Havin, our RPG gunner, to move forward so she had a clear line of fire down the hill should he try to come up at us. I waited several minutes until Tall’s head appeared between two rocks, then fired. His head tore away from me, pulling his body into a somersault and flipping him on his back. Tall was finished.

  To the left, I could see Long Shirt was moving again, trying to hide behind a boulder. I switched my M16 to rapid fire to scare him into the open. I fired a burst, then another, then a third. But when I went to shoot a fourth time, my weapon jammed.

  I removed the magazine, took my cleaning rod from my pack, lowered it into the gun, pushed the bullet out, put the mag back in and pulled the mechanism back to a firing position. Once again, it failed to load.

  I turned off the scope, sat back on my knees, took off my headscarf and smoothed the material on the ground in front of me. Then I closed my eyes and exhaled. Keeping my eyes closed as we had been trained, I picked up the gun, removed the magazine, detached the stock, trigger and pistol grip from the barrel, then separated the charging handle and finally the bolt carrier. I laid everything in order on the scarf. Then I reversed the order – bolt carrier, charging handle, pistol grip, trigger and stock – until I had put the gun back together again. As I was finishing, Fat Man seemed to see me. He began shooting, his rounds slapping the rocks around me, sending burning needles of stone into my left leg.

  The disassembly and reassembly took me two minutes. I opened my eyes and pulled back the release. There was nothing wrong with this gun. I put the magazine back in, and through the noise of Fat Man’s assault heard the faint twang of a loose wire coil. That was the problem. If the magazine’s internal spring had come loose, it wouldn’t be pushing cartridges into the breech. I released the faulty mag, put it to one side, picked up a fresh one, slid it in and pulled back the release. Shtick. The exquisite sound of a round being securely chambered.

  My pause had given Fat Man and Long Shirt time to breathe. Their bullets were coming in regularly now. A rocket grenade roared over our heads and exploded just behind us, the blast rinsing us with dirt and shingle. Xabat stood up and returned fire. Shiro started firing the BKC. I shrouded myself with my scarf once more and turned my scope back on.